In recent decades, Australia’s exports have been driven by growth in demand from East Asia, particularly China, which has contributed significantly to our national prosperity. However, concentration of Australia’s export markets may reduce our economic resilience and could expose us to political and security risks. While Australia has capitalised on its natural advantages to grow its exports, particularly in the resources and agricultural sectors, a low level of economic diversity in Australia’s exports may create longer-term challenges for economic growth. This report explores export diversity and makes recommendations to government as to how this can be encouraged.